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This is a close-up of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. Tuberculosis is a highly infectious and often attacks the lungs; if left untreated, the active disease has an extremely high (>50%) fatality rate. Screening programs and vaccination are the main methods of prevention.
Credit: Content provider CDC/Dr. George Kubica, PD-USGov-HHS-CDC.
Source: This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
Immunization:
Inoculation and Vaccination
Inoculation (also known as variolation) was introduced to the west by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762), who witnessed inoculation being
practiced by physicians in Constantinople,[12] and was greatly impressed:[13] she had lost a brother to smallpox and bore facial scars from the disease herself. In 1718 she had the embassy surgeon inoculate her son, and in 1721, after returning to England, had her daughter inoculated[14]. In 1722 the Prince of Wales' daughters received inoculations[16].
The practice of inoculation slowly spread amongst the royal families of Europe, followed by general adoption amongst the rest of the population. Given the severe consequences of smallpox in Europe in the 18th century, many parents felt that the benefits outweighed the risks and so inoculated their children.[21] [22]